English Translation of The Five Poems of Reminiscence 五首述懐の英訳
Before I started to study Classical Japanese, I played a series of games popular in Japan called the Touhou Project (東方Project). They are bullet-hell games that incorporates many Classical East Asian stories. For example, Kaguya, from The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter has a counterpart character within the series. In the fan made English patch of the 7th game of the Touhou Project, Perfect Cherry Blossom, after defeating the final boss, Yuyuko Saigyōji (幽々子西行寺), this text is displayed.
古文の勉強を始める前に、東方Projectと呼ばれる日本で人気のゲームシリーズをプレイした。このゲームはたくさん東アジアを起源とする古典的なストーリーを含む弾幕ゲームである。例えば、シリーズには竹取物語の主人公かぐや姫をモチーフとした「輝夜」というキャラクターが登場する。東方Projectの第7番のゲーム、東方妖々夢~ Perfect Cherry Blossom、ファンが作った英語化パッチは最後のボス(幽々子西行寺)を負かした後、このテキストが現れる。

Remembering the melancholy of human existence
Even ghosts stray from the path of righteousness
人間の哀れを思い出す
亡霊も正道を逸れる
Even now I think this is a powerful verse. It reminds me of the Rokujō Lady from the Tale of Genji, who even after death had so much anger in her heart from how Genji treated her, that she murdered three of Genji’s lovers. So naturally when I became interested in Classical Japanese (in part due to the Touhou Project), I wanted to investigate the original text of this poem. However, after seeing it, I quickly realized that this English “translation” is not a translation at all, or even a reinterpretation of the poem; it is a completely separate work. Now, I would like to revisit the original poem in the Japanese version of the game.
今でも、奥深い句だと思う。源氏物語において、源氏が粗末に扱ったせいで心に闇が生まれ、源氏の恋人を三人殺した、六条御息所が思い出される。おのずから、古文に興味を抱いた後(やや、東方Projectのため)、この和歌の原文を見たくなった。然し、実際に和歌の原文を見た後、この「英訳」が原文に即した英訳ではなくて、英訳の異なる解釈でもなく、完全に違う句だと気付いた。では、そのゲームの日本語バージョンの原文を再び紹介したい。
The poem was written by Saigyō Hōshi (西行法師), also known by his monk name En'i (円位). He was a late Heian, early Kamakura Japanese poet who lived from 1118 to 1190 (He also was the inspiration for the surname Saigyouji (西行寺) within the Touhou Project mythos). He was born a noble in Kyoto but took religious vows in 1140. His Buddhist values and lifestyle are very often the subject of his poems. He lived in isolation in many places, his favorite of which was Mt. Yoshino (吉野山) in nowadays Nara prefecture. Saigyō’s journeys to Northern Honshu inspired the haiku master Matsuo Bashō to take the same journey, which he depicts in Oku no Hosomichi (おくのほそ道). For Matsuo Bashō considered Saigyō to be the greatest waka poet. To be complimented as the greatest waka poet, by who is considered to be the greatest haiku poet, is no small feat indeed. Fortunately, when I stayed in Nara this summer, I was able to visit Mt. Yoshino and see a recreation of Saigyō’s lodging. Unfortunately, I did not take any photos of it (it was raining quite heavily). This is the only photo that I have from Yoshino which relates to Saigyō, so my apologies.
この和歌は西行法師(またの法号を円位)によって書かれた。1118年から1190年に生きていた、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期の歌人だ(また東方Projectのキャラクターの姓、西行寺、の根元でもある)。西行法師は京都の貴族として生まれたが、1140年に出家した。彼の歌の多くは仏教の価値観と生活を表している。彼はたくさんの場所に一人で住んでいて、彼の一番のお気に入りは現在の奈良県の吉野山である。西行の東北旅行は、後々の俳句名人である松尾芭蕉にも影響を与え、芭蕉が同じ旅に出、そして「おくのほそ道」で描いた。芭蕉は西行が最高の歌人だと言った。芭蕉が西行を称賛したことは素晴らしいと思う。幸いなことに私はこの夏に奈良に住んでいるときに、吉野山を訪れて西行庵のレクリエーションを見た。残念なことに写真を撮らなかった(雨が激しく降っていたんだ)。西行に関して写真だけはこれでごめんなさい。

Saigyō published his poems in his anthology, the Sankashū (山家集). The aforementioned poem from the Touhou Project’s original Japanese text is poem 908 within this anthology. It is part of a series of five poems called The Five Poems of Reminiscence (五首述懐). Because of my relationship with that poem, I decided to attempt translating all five of them into English so that others could enjoy their true meanings. To ensure that the translations were accurate, I recruited my friend from the Kyoto Consortium for Japanese Studies Classical Japanese class, Michael Zeng, from the University of Washington in St. Louis, to translate these poems into English with me. I would like to thank Michael for working on this project with me; I wouldn’t have been able to do it with you.
西行は山家集という歌集で著した。東方Projectの日本語原文の例の和歌は山家集の908番の和歌である。これは五首述懐と呼ばれる五首の和歌の連作の一首である。私は長い間、西行の歌に興味を持っているので、また他の人が楽しめるように、英訳することを決めた。英訳の正しさを向上させるために、京都アメリカ大学コンソーシアムで古文の授業での同級生で、セントルイス・ワシントン大学の大学生、ソウ マイケルに協力を求めた。マイケルの協力なしでは、英訳を完成させることができなかったので、ここでお礼をいいたい。
Now without further ado, here are some facts about the poems before they are presented. The Five Poems of Reminiscence are poems 908-912 in the Sankashū, but poem 908 also appears in the Shin Kokin Wakashū (新古今和歌集), the eighth anthology of imperially commissioned Japanese poetry, as poem 1829. It is said that poem 908 is a derivative poem from poem 896 of the Senzai Wakashū (千載和歌集), the seventh imperial anthology of Japanese poetry, which itself references poem 645 from the Goshūi Wakashū (後拾遺和歌集), the fourth imperial anthology of Japanese poetry. Poem 909 of the Sankashū is poem 1150 of the Senzai Wakashū. The Five Poems of Reminiscence are each tanka (短歌), but the first line of the poem 912 is a jiamari (字余り).
それではお待ちかねの英訳を発表する前に歌についての事実を言いたい。五首述懐は山家集の908番から912番の和歌である。しかし、908番の和歌は新古今和歌集の1829番の歌としても掲載されている。908番の和歌は後拾遺和歌集の645番の和歌を参考にした千載和歌集の896番の和歌の派生歌だと言われている。山家集の909番は千載和歌集の1150番の和歌である。五首述懐は全部短歌だけれど、912番の和歌の一句は字余りである。
As for previous translations of Saigyō’s works, the two most prominent are likely Saigyo: Poems of a Mountain Home by Burton Watson (whose student I studied Classical Chinese under), and Awesome Nightfall: The Life, Times, and Poetry of Saigyō by William LaFleur (which is an expansion of his previous novel on Saigyō, Mirror for the Moon). However, neither of these anthologies cover any of The Five Poems of Reminiscence. However, I was able to find translations of poem 908 on the Touhou Wiki [link] and WakaPoetry.net [link].
以前の西行の作品の英訳で一番な有名な本はバートン・ワトソンの「西行:山家の和歌」(Saigyo: Poems of a Mountain Home)(また私はバートン・ワトソンの生徒として、漢文の講義を受けた)とウィリアム・ラフレールの「恐るべし暮れ:西行の生活、時世、和歌」(Awesome Nightfall: The Life, Times, and Poetry of Saigyō)(以前に書かれた西行について本、「月のための鏡」(Mirror for the Moon)の改訂版)。しかしながら、どの本も五首述懐の和歌に触れていない。しかし、908番の和歌の英訳は東方ウィキ[リンク]とWakaPoetry.net[リンク]で見つけることができる。
Now, for the moment you have all been waiting for, Michael and I proudly present our translations of The Five Poems of Reminiscence.
それではマイケルと私が訳した五首述懐の英訳を発表する!
The Five Poems of Reminiscence By Saigyō Hōshi
I would have died
Without fathoming
The sorrows of the body
Were this a world,
From which I could not withdraw
身の憂さを 思ひ知らでや 罷みなまし 背く習の なき世なりせば
Even as a priest,
At what place
Could I find solitude
Were there no deep mountains
In this sorrowful world
いづくにか 身を隠さまし 厭ひても 憂き世に深き 山なかりせば
This mountain village,
Where I have chosen to hide
The sorrows of my body,
It is because of my priest heart
That I must live here
身の憂さの 隠家にせん 山里は 心ありてぞ 住むべかりける
Tear drops
That know the pathos of the world
Have spilled down my cheek.
That is the reason why
I thatched this grass hut
あはれ知る なみだの露ぞ こぼれける 草の庵を むすぶ契は
Since a static body
Does not suit a
Restless heart,
No matter how I feel
How could I even do it?
浮れ出づる 心は身にも 叶はねば 如何なりとても 如何にかはせん
古文の勉強を始める前に、東方Projectと呼ばれる日本で人気のゲームシリーズをプレイした。このゲームはたくさん東アジアを起源とする古典的なストーリーを含む弾幕ゲームである。例えば、シリーズには竹取物語の主人公かぐや姫をモチーフとした「輝夜」というキャラクターが登場する。東方Projectの第7番のゲーム、東方妖々夢~ Perfect Cherry Blossom、ファンが作った英語化パッチは最後のボス(幽々子西行寺)を負かした後、このテキストが現れる。

Remembering the melancholy of human existence
Even ghosts stray from the path of righteousness
人間の哀れを思い出す
亡霊も正道を逸れる
Even now I think this is a powerful verse. It reminds me of the Rokujō Lady from the Tale of Genji, who even after death had so much anger in her heart from how Genji treated her, that she murdered three of Genji’s lovers. So naturally when I became interested in Classical Japanese (in part due to the Touhou Project), I wanted to investigate the original text of this poem. However, after seeing it, I quickly realized that this English “translation” is not a translation at all, or even a reinterpretation of the poem; it is a completely separate work. Now, I would like to revisit the original poem in the Japanese version of the game.
今でも、奥深い句だと思う。源氏物語において、源氏が粗末に扱ったせいで心に闇が生まれ、源氏の恋人を三人殺した、六条御息所が思い出される。おのずから、古文に興味を抱いた後(やや、東方Projectのため)、この和歌の原文を見たくなった。然し、実際に和歌の原文を見た後、この「英訳」が原文に即した英訳ではなくて、英訳の異なる解釈でもなく、完全に違う句だと気付いた。では、そのゲームの日本語バージョンの原文を再び紹介したい。
The poem was written by Saigyō Hōshi (西行法師), also known by his monk name En'i (円位). He was a late Heian, early Kamakura Japanese poet who lived from 1118 to 1190 (He also was the inspiration for the surname Saigyouji (西行寺) within the Touhou Project mythos). He was born a noble in Kyoto but took religious vows in 1140. His Buddhist values and lifestyle are very often the subject of his poems. He lived in isolation in many places, his favorite of which was Mt. Yoshino (吉野山) in nowadays Nara prefecture. Saigyō’s journeys to Northern Honshu inspired the haiku master Matsuo Bashō to take the same journey, which he depicts in Oku no Hosomichi (おくのほそ道). For Matsuo Bashō considered Saigyō to be the greatest waka poet. To be complimented as the greatest waka poet, by who is considered to be the greatest haiku poet, is no small feat indeed. Fortunately, when I stayed in Nara this summer, I was able to visit Mt. Yoshino and see a recreation of Saigyō’s lodging. Unfortunately, I did not take any photos of it (it was raining quite heavily). This is the only photo that I have from Yoshino which relates to Saigyō, so my apologies.
この和歌は西行法師(またの法号を円位)によって書かれた。1118年から1190年に生きていた、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期の歌人だ(また東方Projectのキャラクターの姓、西行寺、の根元でもある)。西行法師は京都の貴族として生まれたが、1140年に出家した。彼の歌の多くは仏教の価値観と生活を表している。彼はたくさんの場所に一人で住んでいて、彼の一番のお気に入りは現在の奈良県の吉野山である。西行の東北旅行は、後々の俳句名人である松尾芭蕉にも影響を与え、芭蕉が同じ旅に出、そして「おくのほそ道」で描いた。芭蕉は西行が最高の歌人だと言った。芭蕉が西行を称賛したことは素晴らしいと思う。幸いなことに私はこの夏に奈良に住んでいるときに、吉野山を訪れて西行庵のレクリエーションを見た。残念なことに写真を撮らなかった(雨が激しく降っていたんだ)。西行に関して写真だけはこれでごめんなさい。

Saigyō published his poems in his anthology, the Sankashū (山家集). The aforementioned poem from the Touhou Project’s original Japanese text is poem 908 within this anthology. It is part of a series of five poems called The Five Poems of Reminiscence (五首述懐). Because of my relationship with that poem, I decided to attempt translating all five of them into English so that others could enjoy their true meanings. To ensure that the translations were accurate, I recruited my friend from the Kyoto Consortium for Japanese Studies Classical Japanese class, Michael Zeng, from the University of Washington in St. Louis, to translate these poems into English with me. I would like to thank Michael for working on this project with me; I wouldn’t have been able to do it with you.
西行は山家集という歌集で著した。東方Projectの日本語原文の例の和歌は山家集の908番の和歌である。これは五首述懐と呼ばれる五首の和歌の連作の一首である。私は長い間、西行の歌に興味を持っているので、また他の人が楽しめるように、英訳することを決めた。英訳の正しさを向上させるために、京都アメリカ大学コンソーシアムで古文の授業での同級生で、セントルイス・ワシントン大学の大学生、ソウ マイケルに協力を求めた。マイケルの協力なしでは、英訳を完成させることができなかったので、ここでお礼をいいたい。
Now without further ado, here are some facts about the poems before they are presented. The Five Poems of Reminiscence are poems 908-912 in the Sankashū, but poem 908 also appears in the Shin Kokin Wakashū (新古今和歌集), the eighth anthology of imperially commissioned Japanese poetry, as poem 1829. It is said that poem 908 is a derivative poem from poem 896 of the Senzai Wakashū (千載和歌集), the seventh imperial anthology of Japanese poetry, which itself references poem 645 from the Goshūi Wakashū (後拾遺和歌集), the fourth imperial anthology of Japanese poetry. Poem 909 of the Sankashū is poem 1150 of the Senzai Wakashū. The Five Poems of Reminiscence are each tanka (短歌), but the first line of the poem 912 is a jiamari (字余り).
それではお待ちかねの英訳を発表する前に歌についての事実を言いたい。五首述懐は山家集の908番から912番の和歌である。しかし、908番の和歌は新古今和歌集の1829番の歌としても掲載されている。908番の和歌は後拾遺和歌集の645番の和歌を参考にした千載和歌集の896番の和歌の派生歌だと言われている。山家集の909番は千載和歌集の1150番の和歌である。五首述懐は全部短歌だけれど、912番の和歌の一句は字余りである。
As for previous translations of Saigyō’s works, the two most prominent are likely Saigyo: Poems of a Mountain Home by Burton Watson (whose student I studied Classical Chinese under), and Awesome Nightfall: The Life, Times, and Poetry of Saigyō by William LaFleur (which is an expansion of his previous novel on Saigyō, Mirror for the Moon). However, neither of these anthologies cover any of The Five Poems of Reminiscence. However, I was able to find translations of poem 908 on the Touhou Wiki [link] and WakaPoetry.net [link].
以前の西行の作品の英訳で一番な有名な本はバートン・ワトソンの「西行:山家の和歌」(Saigyo: Poems of a Mountain Home)(また私はバートン・ワトソンの生徒として、漢文の講義を受けた)とウィリアム・ラフレールの「恐るべし暮れ:西行の生活、時世、和歌」(Awesome Nightfall: The Life, Times, and Poetry of Saigyō)(以前に書かれた西行について本、「月のための鏡」(Mirror for the Moon)の改訂版)。しかしながら、どの本も五首述懐の和歌に触れていない。しかし、908番の和歌の英訳は東方ウィキ[リンク]とWakaPoetry.net[リンク]で見つけることができる。
Now, for the moment you have all been waiting for, Michael and I proudly present our translations of The Five Poems of Reminiscence.
それではマイケルと私が訳した五首述懐の英訳を発表する!
I would have died
Without fathoming
The sorrows of the body
Were this a world,
From which I could not withdraw
身の憂さを 思ひ知らでや 罷みなまし 背く習の なき世なりせば
Even as a priest,
At what place
Could I find solitude
Were there no deep mountains
In this sorrowful world
いづくにか 身を隠さまし 厭ひても 憂き世に深き 山なかりせば
This mountain village,
Where I have chosen to hide
The sorrows of my body,
It is because of my priest heart
That I must live here
身の憂さの 隠家にせん 山里は 心ありてぞ 住むべかりける
Tear drops
That know the pathos of the world
Have spilled down my cheek.
That is the reason why
I thatched this grass hut
あはれ知る なみだの露ぞ こぼれける 草の庵を むすぶ契は
Since a static body
Does not suit a
Restless heart,
No matter how I feel
How could I even do it?
浮れ出づる 心は身にも 叶はねば 如何なりとても 如何にかはせん